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Canton Indian Insane Asylum
The Canton Indian Insane Asylum, aka Hiawatha Insane Asylum, was a federal facility for Native Americans located in Canton, South Dakota between 1898 and 1934.〔("Canton Indian Historical Society" ), National Park Service. Retrieved July 2, 2011.〕
== History ==
In 1898, Congress passed a bill creating the only 'Institution for Insane Indians' in the United States. The Canton Indian Insane Asylum (sometimes called Hiawatha Insane Asylum) opened for the reception of patients in January 1903. The first administrator was Oscar S. Gifford.〔(Hiawatha Asylum For Insane Indians | Hiawatha Diary )〕 Many of the inmates were not mentally ill. Native Americans risked being confined in the asylum for alcoholism, opposing government or business interests, or for being culturally misunderstood. A 1927 investigation conducted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs determined that a large number of patients showed no signs of mental illness. While open, more than 350 patients were detained there, in terrible conditions. At least 121 died. The asylum was closed in 1934.〔http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/156/5/767〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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